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Density evolution from a nonlocal molecular dynamics (left with 4001 particles), a corresponding peridynamics (middle with 2001 degrees of freedom), and classical continuum mechanics (right with 100,001 degrees of freedom) simulations. Time is represented in the vertical axis (from top to bottom), and the horizontal axis represents particle position in the reference configuration. Note that the nonlocal peridynamics simulation with a reduced number of degrees of freedom captures very well the nonlocal dispersion of the molecular dynamics whereas the local classical PDE model cannot do so, even with an extremely fine grid. |