Clustering: Binning, Kmeans, Nearest Neighbor, K Nearest Neighbors
Dimensionality Reduction: Projection, Principal Component Analysis
Page Rank: Markov Methods
Optimization: Newton's method on f', Gradient Descent, Stochastic Gradient Descent
Regression: Logistic, Linear, Multilinear
SVD: Singular Value Decomposition
SVM: Perceptron, Support Vector Machine
Neural Networks:
Naive Bayes:
Decision Trees:, CART

apriori?
Expectation Maximum EM