# include # include # include # include # include "r8bb.h" /******************************************************************************/ int i4_log_10 ( int i ) /******************************************************************************/ /* Purpose: i4_log_10() returns the integer part of the logarithm base 10 of an I4. Example: I I4_LOG_10 ----- -------- 0 0 1 0 2 0 9 0 10 1 11 1 99 1 100 2 101 2 999 2 1000 3 1001 3 9999 3 10000 4 Discussion: I4_LOG_10 ( I ) + 1 is the number of decimal digits in I. Licensing: This code is distributed under the MIT license. Modified: 23 October 2007 Author: John Burkardt Parameters: Input, int I, the number whose logarithm base 10 is desired. Output, int I4_LOG_10, the integer part of the logarithm base 10 of the absolute value of X. */ { int i_abs; int ten_pow; int value; if ( i == 0 ) { value = 0; } else { value = 0; ten_pow = 10; i_abs = abs ( i ); while ( ten_pow <= i_abs ) { value = value + 1; ten_pow = ten_pow * 10; } } return value; } /******************************************************************************/ int i4_max ( int i1, int i2 ) /******************************************************************************/ /* Purpose: i4_max() returns the maximum of two I4's. Licensing: This code is distributed under the MIT license. Modified: 29 August 2006 Author: John Burkardt Parameters: Input, int I1, I2, are two integers to be compared. Output, int I4_MAX, the larger of I1 and I2. */ { int value; if ( i2 < i1 ) { value = i1; } else { value = i2; } return value; } /******************************************************************************/ int i4_min ( int i1, int i2 ) /******************************************************************************/ /* Purpose: i4_min() returns the smaller of two I4's. Licensing: This code is distributed under the MIT license. Modified: 29 August 2006 Author: John Burkardt Parameters: Input, int I1, I2, two integers to be compared. Output, int I4_MIN, the smaller of I1 and I2. */ { int value; if ( i1 < i2 ) { value = i1; } else { value = i2; } return value; } /******************************************************************************/ int i4_power ( int i, int j ) /******************************************************************************/ /* Purpose: i4_power() returns the value of I^J. Licensing: This code is distributed under the MIT license. Modified: 23 October 2007 Author: John Burkardt Parameters: Input, int I, J, the base and the power. J should be nonnegative. Output, int I4_POWER, the value of I^J. */ { int k; int value; if ( j < 0 ) { if ( i == 1 ) { value = 1; } else if ( i == 0 ) { fprintf ( stderr, "\n" ); fprintf ( stderr, "I4_POWER(): Fatal error!\n" ); fprintf ( stderr, " I^J requested, with I = 0 and J negative.\n" ); exit ( 1 ); } else { value = 0; } } else if ( j == 0 ) { if ( i == 0 ) { fprintf ( stderr, "\n" ); fprintf ( stderr, "I4_POWER(): Fatal error!\n" ); fprintf ( stderr, " I^J requested, with I = 0 and J = 0.\n" ); exit ( 1 ); } else { value = 1; } } else if ( j == 1 ) { value = i; } else { value = 1; for ( k = 1; k <= j; k++ ) { value = value * i; } } return value; } /******************************************************************************/ int i4_uniform_ab ( int a, int b, int *seed ) /******************************************************************************/ /* Purpose: i4_uniform_ab() returns a scaled pseudorandom I4 between A and B. Discussion: The pseudorandom number should be uniformly distributed between A and B. Licensing: This code is distributed under the MIT license. Modified: 24 May 2012 Author: John Burkardt Reference: Paul Bratley, Bennett Fox, Linus Schrage, A Guide to Simulation, Second Edition, Springer, 1987, ISBN: 0387964673, LC: QA76.9.C65.B73. Bennett Fox, Algorithm 647: Implementation and Relative Efficiency of Quasirandom Sequence Generators, ACM Transactions on Mathematical Software, Volume 12, Number 4, December 1986, pages 362-376. Pierre L'Ecuyer, Random Number Generation, in Handbook of Simulation, edited by Jerry Banks, Wiley, 1998, ISBN: 0471134031, LC: T57.62.H37. Peter Lewis, Allen Goodman, James Miller, A Pseudo-Random Number Generator for the System/360, IBM Systems Journal, Volume 8, Number 2, 1969, pages 136-143. Parameters: Input, int A, B, the limits of the interval. Input/output, int *SEED, the "seed" value, which should NOT be 0. On output, SEED has been updated. Output, int I4_UNIFORM_AB, a number between A and B. */ { int c; const int i4_huge = 2147483647; int k; float r; int value; if ( *seed == 0 ) { fprintf ( stderr, "\n" ); fprintf ( stderr, "I4_UNIFORM_AB(): Fatal error!\n" ); fprintf ( stderr, " Input value of SEED = 0.\n" ); exit ( 1 ); } /* Guaranteee A <= B. */ if ( b < a ) { c = a; a = b; b = c; } k = *seed / 127773; *seed = 16807 * ( *seed - k * 127773 ) - k * 2836; if ( *seed < 0 ) { *seed = *seed + i4_huge; } r = ( float ) ( *seed ) * 4.656612875E-10; /* Scale R to lie between A-0.5 and B+0.5. */ r = ( 1.0 - r ) * ( ( float ) ( a ) - 0.5 ) + r * ( ( float ) ( b ) + 0.5 ); /* Round R to the nearest integer. */ value = round ( r ); /* Guarantee that A <= VALUE <= B. */ if ( value < a ) { value = a; } if ( b < value ) { value = b; } return value; } /******************************************************************************/ double r8_uniform_01 ( int *seed ) /******************************************************************************/ /* Purpose: r8_uniform_01() returns a unit pseudorandom R8. Discussion: This routine implements the recursion seed = 16807 * seed mod ( 2^31 - 1 ) r8_uniform_01 = seed / ( 2^31 - 1 ) The integer arithmetic never requires more than 32 bits, including a sign bit. If the initial seed is 12345, then the first three computations are Input Output R8_UNIFORM_01 SEED SEED 12345 207482415 0.096616 207482415 1790989824 0.833995 1790989824 2035175616 0.947702 Licensing: This code is distributed under the MIT license. Modified: 11 August 2004 Author: John Burkardt Reference: Paul Bratley, Bennett Fox, Linus Schrage, A Guide to Simulation, Springer Verlag, pages 201-202, 1983. Pierre L'Ecuyer, Random Number Generation, in Handbook of Simulation edited by Jerry Banks, Wiley Interscience, page 95, 1998. Bennett Fox, Algorithm 647: Implementation and Relative Efficiency of Quasirandom Sequence Generators, ACM Transactions on Mathematical Software, Volume 12, Number 4, pages 362-376, 1986. P A Lewis, A S Goodman, J M Miller, A Pseudo-Random Number Generator for the System/360, IBM Systems Journal, Volume 8, pages 136-143, 1969. Parameters: Input/output, int *SEED, the "seed" value. Normally, this value should not be 0. On output, SEED has been updated. Output, double R8_UNIFORM_01, a new pseudorandom variate, strictly between 0 and 1. */ { int k; double r; if ( *seed == 0 ) { fprintf ( stderr, "\n" ); fprintf ( stderr, "R8_UNIFORM_01(): Fatal error!\n" ); fprintf ( stderr, " Input value of SEED = 0\n" ); exit ( 1 ); } k = *seed / 127773; *seed = 16807 * ( *seed - k * 127773 ) - k * 2836; if ( *seed < 0 ) { *seed = *seed + 2147483647; } r = ( ( double ) ( *seed ) ) * 4.656612875E-10; return r; } /******************************************************************************/ void r8bb_add ( int n1, int n2, int ml, int mu, double a[], int i, int j, double value ) /******************************************************************************/ /* Purpose: r8bb_add() adds a value to an entry in an R8BB matrix. Discussion: The R8BB storage format is for a border banded matrix. Such a matrix has the logical form: A1 | A2 ---+--- A3 | A4 with A1 a (usually large) N1 by N1 banded matrix, while A2, A3 and A4 are dense rectangular matrices of orders N1 by N2, N2 by N1, and N2 by N2, respectively. A should be defined as a vector. The user must then store the entries of the four blocks of the matrix into the vector A. Each block is stored by columns. A1, the banded portion of the matrix, is stored in the first (2*ML+MU+1)*N1 entries of A, using standard LINPACK general band format. The reason for the factor of 2 in front of ML is to allocate space that may be required if pivoting occurs. The following formulas should be used to determine how to store the entry corresponding to row I and column J in the original matrix: Entries of A1: 1 <= I <= N1, 1 <= J <= N1, (J-I) <= MU and (I-J) <= ML. Store the I, J entry into location (I-J+ML+MU+1)+(J-1)*(2*ML+MU+1). Entries of A2: 1 <= I <= N1, N1+1 <= J <= N1+N2. Store the I, J entry into location (2*ML+MU+1)*N1+(J-N1-1)*N1+I. Entries of A3: N1+1 <= I <= N1+N2, 1 <= J <= N1. Store the I, J entry into location (2*ML+MU+1)*N1+N1*N2+(J-1)*N2+(I-N1). Entries of A4: N1+1 <= I <= N1+N2, N1+1 <= J <= N1+N2 Store the I, J entry into location (2*ML+MU+1)*N1+N1*N2+(J-1)*N2+(I-N1). (same formula used for A3). Licensing: This code is distributed under the MIT license. Modified: 19 January 2013 Author: John Burkardt Parameters: Input, int N1, N2, the order of the banded and dense blocks. N1 and N2 must be nonnegative, and at least one must be positive. Input, int ML, MU, the lower and upper bandwidths. ML and MU must be nonnegative, and no greater than N1-1. Input/output, double A[(2*ML+MU+1)*N1+2*N1*N2+N2*N2], the R8BB matrix. Input, int I, J, the row and column of the entry to be incremented. Some combinations of I and J are illegal. Input, double VALUE, the value to be added to the (I,J)-th entry. */ { int ij; if ( value == 0.0 ) { return; } if ( i < 0 || n1 + n2 <= i ) { fprintf ( stderr, "\n" ); fprintf ( stderr, "R8BB_ADD(): Fatal error!\n" ); fprintf ( stderr, " Illegal input value of row index I = %d\n", i ); exit ( 1 ); } if ( j < 0 || n1 + n2 <= j ) { fprintf ( stderr, "\n" ); fprintf ( stderr, "R8BB_ADD(): Fatal error!\n" ); fprintf ( stderr, " Illegal input value of column index J = %d\n", j ); exit ( 1 ); } /* The A1 block of the matrix. Check for out of band problems. Normally, we would check the condition MU < (J-I), but the storage format requires extra entries be set aside in case of pivoting, which means that the condition becomes MU+ML < (J-I). */ if ( i < n1 && j < n1 ) { if ( ( mu + ml ) < ( j - i ) || ml < ( i - j ) ) { printf ( "\n" ); printf ( "R8BB_ADD - Warning!\n" ); printf ( " Unable to add to entry (%d,%d).\n", i, j ); } else { ij = ( i - j + ml + mu ) + j * ( 2 * ml + mu + 1 ); } } /* The A2 block of the matrix. */ else if ( i < n1 && n1 <= j ) { ij = ( 2 * ml + mu + 1 ) * n1 + ( j - n1 ) * n1 + i; } /* The A3 and A4 blocks of the matrix. */ else if ( n1 <= i ) { ij = ( 2 * ml + mu + 1 ) * n1 + n2 * n1 + j * n2 + ( i - n1 ); } a[ij] = a[ij] + value; return; } /******************************************************************************/ double *r8bb_dif2 ( int n1, int n2, int ml, int mu ) /******************************************************************************/ /* Purpose: r8bb_dif2() sets up an R8BB second difference matrix. Licensing: This code is distributed under the MIT license. Modified: 09 July 2016 Author: John Burkardt Parameters: Input, int N1, N2, the order of the banded and dense blocks. N1 and N2 must be nonnegative, and at least one must be positive. Input, int ML, MU, the lower and upper bandwidths. 1 <= ML, 1 <= MU. Output, double R8BB_DIF2[(2*ML+MU+1)*N1+2*N1*N2+N2*N2], the R8BB matrix. */ { double *a; int i; int j; double value; a = r8vec_zeros_new ( ( 2 * ml + mu + 1 ) * n1 + 2 * n1 * n2 + n2 * n2 ); if ( ml < 1 || mu < 1 ) { fprintf ( stderr, "\n" ); fprintf ( stderr, "R8BB_DIF2(): Fatal error!\n" ); fprintf ( stderr, " 1 <= ML and 1 <= MU required.\n" ); exit ( 1 ); } for ( i = 1; i < n1 + n2; i++ ) { j = i - 1; value = - 1.0; r8bb_set ( n1, n2, ml, mu, a, i, j, value ); } for ( i = 0; i < n1 + n2; i++ ) { j = i; value = 2.0; r8bb_set ( n1, n2, ml, mu, a, i, j, value ); } for ( i = 0; i < n1 + n2 - 1; i++ ) { j = i + 1; value = - 1.0; r8bb_set ( n1, n2, ml, mu, a, i, j, value ); } return a; } /******************************************************************************/ int r8bb_fa ( int n1, int n2, int ml, int mu, double a[], int pivot[] ) /******************************************************************************/ /* Purpose: r8bb_fa() factors an R8BB matrix. Discussion: The R8BB storage format is for a border banded matrix. Such a matrix has the logical form: A1 | A2 ---+--- A3 | A4 with A1 a (usually large) N1 by N1 banded matrix, while A2, A3 and A4 are dense rectangular matrices of orders N1 by N2, N2 by N1, and N2 by N2, respectively. A should be defined as a vector. The user must then store the entries of the four blocks of the matrix into the vector A. Each block is stored by columns. A1, the banded portion of the matrix, is stored in the first (2*ML+MU+1)*N1 entries of A, using standard LINPACK general band format. The reason for the factor of 2 in front of ML is to allocate space that may be required if pivoting occurs. The following formulas should be used to determine how to store the entry corresponding to row I and column J in the original matrix: Entries of A1: 1 <= I <= N1, 1 <= J <= N1, (J-I) <= MU and (I-J) <= ML. Store the I, J entry into location (I-J+ML+MU+1)+(J-1)*(2*ML+MU+1). Entries of A2: 1 <= I <= N1, N1+1 <= J <= N1+N2. Store the I, J entry into location (2*ML+MU+1)*N1+(J-N1-1)*N1+I. Entries of A3: N1+1 <= I <= N1+N2, 1 <= J <= N1. Store the I, J entry into location (2*ML+MU+1)*N1+N1*N2+(J-1)*N2+(I-N1). Entries of A4: N1+1 <= I <= N1+N2, N1+1 <= J <= N1+N2 Store the I, J entry into location (2*ML+MU+1)*N1+N1*N2+(J-1)*N2+(I-N1). (same formula used for A3). Example: With N1 = 4, N2 = 1, ML = 1, MU = 2, the matrix entries would be: 00 00 00 00 00 00 --- --- A11 A12 A13 00 --- A16 A17 A21 A22 A23 A24 00 A26 A27 --- A32 A33 A34 A35 A36 A37 --- --- A43 A44 A45 A46 A47 --- --- --- A54 A55 A56 A57 00 A61 A62 A63 A64 A65 A66 A67 A71 A72 A73 A74 A75 A76 A77 Licensing: This code is distributed under the MIT license. Modified: 19 January 2013 Author: John Burkardt Parameters: Input, int N1, N2, the order of the banded and dense blocks. N1 and N2 must be nonnegative, and at least one must be positive. Input, int ML, MU, the lower and upper bandwidths. ML and MU must be nonnegative and no greater than N1-1. Input/output, double A[(2*ML+MU+1)*N1 + 2*N1*N2 + N2*N2 ]. On input, the border-banded matrix to be factored. On output, information describing a partial factorization of the original coefficient matrix. This information is required by R8BB_SL in order to solve linear systems associated with that matrix. Output, int PIVOT[N1+N2], contains pivoting information. Output, int R8BB_FA, singularity flag. 0, no singularity detected. nonzero, the factorization failed on the INFO-th step. */ { double *b; int i; int ij; int ik; int info; int j; int jk; int job; int k; int nband; double *x; nband = ( 2 * ml + mu + 1 ) * n1; /* Factor the A1 band matrix, overwriting A1 by its factors. */ if ( 0 < n1 ) { info = r8gb_fa ( n1, ml, mu, a, pivot ); if ( info != 0 ) { return info; } } if ( 0 < n1 && 0 < n2 ) { /* Solve A1 * x = - A2 for x, and overwrite A2 by the results. */ for ( i = nband + 1; i <= nband + n1 * n2; i++ ) { a[i-1] = - a[i-1]; } b = r8vec_zeros_new ( n1 ); x = r8vec_zeros_new ( n1 ); job = 0; for ( j = 1; j <= n2; j++ ) { for ( i = 0; i < n1; i++ ) { b[i] = a[nband+(j-1)*n1+i]; } x = r8gb_sl ( n1, ml, mu, a, pivot, b, job ); for ( i = 0; i < n1; i++ ) { a[nband+(j-1)*n1+i] = x[i]; } free ( x ); } free ( b ); /* A4 := A4 + A3 * A2. */ for ( i = 1; i <= n2; i++ ) { for ( j = 1; j <= n1; j++ ) { ij = nband + n1 * n2 + ( j - 1 ) * n2 + i; for ( k = 1; k <= n2; k++ ) { ik = nband + 2 * n1 * n2 + ( k - 1 ) * n2 + i; jk = nband + ( k - 1 ) * n1 + j; a[ik-1] = a[ik-1] + a[ij-1] * a[jk-1]; } } } } /* Factor A4. */ if ( 0 < n2 ) { info = r8ge_fa ( n2, a+(nband+2*n1*n2), pivot+n1 ); if ( info != 0 ) { return info; } } return 0; } /******************************************************************************/ double r8bb_get ( int n1, int n2, int ml, int mu, double a[], int i, int j ) /******************************************************************************/ /* Purpose: r8bb_get() gets a value of an R8BB matrix. Discussion: The R8BB storage format is for a border banded matrix. Such a matrix has the logical form: A1 | A2 ---+--- A3 | A4 with A1 a (usually large) N1 by N1 banded matrix, while A2, A3 and A4 are dense rectangular matrices of orders N1 by N2, N2 by N1, and N2 by N2, respectively. A should be defined as a vector. The user must then store the entries of the four blocks of the matrix into the vector A. Each block is stored by columns. A1, the banded portion of the matrix, is stored in the first (2*ML+MU+1)*N1 entries of A, using standard LINPACK general band format. The reason for the factor of 2 in front of ML is to allocate space that may be required if pivoting occurs. The following formulas should be used to determine how to store the entry corresponding to row I and column J in the original matrix: Entries of A1: 1 <= I <= N1, 1 <= J <= N1, (J-I) <= MU and (I-J) <= ML. Store the I, J entry into location (I-J+ML+MU+1)+(J-1)*(2*ML+MU+1). Entries of A2: 1 <= I <= N1, N1+1 <= J <= N1+N2. Store the I, J entry into location (2*ML+MU+1)*N1+(J-N1-1)*N1+I. Entries of A3: N1+1 <= I <= N1+N2, 1 <= J <= N1. Store the I, J entry into location (2*ML+MU+1)*N1+N1*N2+(J-1)*N2+(I-N1). Entries of A4: N1+1 <= I <= N1+N2, N1+1 <= J <= N1+N2 Store the I, J entry into location (2*ML+MU+1)*N1+N1*N2+(J-1)*N2+(I-N1). (same formula used for A3). Example: With N1 = 4, N2 = 1, ML = 1, MU = 2, the matrix entries would be: 00 00 00 00 00 00 --- --- A11 A12 A13 00 --- A16 A17 A21 A22 A23 A24 00 A26 A27 --- A32 A33 A34 A35 A36 A37 --- --- A43 A44 A45 A46 A47 --- --- --- A54 A55 A56 A57 00 A61 A62 A63 A64 A65 A66 A67 A71 A72 A73 A74 A75 A76 A77 Licensing: This code is distributed under the MIT license. Modified: 19 January 2013 Author: John Burkardt Parameters: Input, int N1, N2, the order of the banded and dense blocks. N1 and N2 must be nonnegative, and at least one must be positive. Input, int ML, MU, the lower and upper bandwidths. ML and MU must be nonnegative, and no greater than N1-1. Input/output, double A[(2*ML+MU+1)*N1+2*N1*N2+N2*N2], the R8BB matrix. Input, int I, J, the row and column of the entry to be incremented. Some combinations of I and J are illegal. Output, double R8BB_GET, the value of the (I,J)-th entry. */ { int ij; if ( i < 0 || n1 + n2 <= i ) { fprintf ( stderr, "\n" ); fprintf ( stderr, "R8BB_GET(): Fatal error!\n" ); fprintf ( stderr, " Illegal input value of row index I = %d\n", i ); exit ( 1 ); } if ( j < 0 || n1 + n2 <= j ) { fprintf ( stderr, "\n" ); fprintf ( stderr, "R8BB_GET(): Fatal error!\n" ); fprintf ( stderr, " Illegal input value of column index J = %d\n", j ); exit ( 1 ); } /* The A1 block of the matrix. Check for out of band problems. Normally, we would check the condition MU < (J-I), but the storage format requires extra entries be set aside in case of pivoting, which means that the condition becomes MU+ML < (J-I). */ if ( i < n1 && j < n1 ) { if ( ( mu + ml ) < ( j - i ) || ml < ( i - j ) ) { return 0.0; } else { ij = ( i - j + ml + mu ) + j * ( 2 * ml + mu + 1 ); } } /* The A2 block of the matrix. */ else if ( i < n1 && n1 <= j ) { ij = ( 2 * ml + mu + 1 ) * n1 + ( j - n1 ) * n1 + i; } /* The A3 and A4 blocks of the matrix. */ else if ( n1 <= i ) { ij = ( 2 * ml + mu + 1 ) * n1 + n2 * n1 + j * n2 + ( i - n1 ); } return a[ij]; } /******************************************************************************/ double *r8bb_indicator ( int n1, int n2, int ml, int mu ) /******************************************************************************/ /* Purpose: r8bb_indicator() sets up an R8BB indicator matrix. Discussion: The R8BB storage format is for a border banded matrix. Such a matrix has the logical form: A1 | A2 ---+--- A3 | A4 with A1 a (usually large) N1 by N1 banded matrix, while A2, A3 and A4 are dense rectangular matrices of orders N1 by N2, N2 by N1, and N2 by N2, respectively. Example: With N1 = 4, N2 = 1, ML = 1, MU = 2, the matrix entries would be: 00 00 00 00 00 00 --- --- A11 A12 A13 00 --- A16 A17 A21 A22 A23 A24 00 A26 A27 --- A32 A33 A34 A35 A36 A37 --- --- A43 A44 A45 A46 A47 --- --- --- A54 A55 A56 A57 00 A61 A62 A63 A64 A65 A66 A67 A71 A72 A73 A74 A75 A76 A77 The matrix is actually stored as a vector, and we will simply suggest the structure and values of the indicator matrix as: 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 13 24 35 16 17 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 00 12 23 34 45 + 26 27 + 71 72 73 74 75 + 76 77 11 22 33 44 55 36 37 21 32 43 54 00 46 47 56 57 Licensing: This code is distributed under the MIT license. Modified: 19 January 2013 Author: John Burkardt Parameters: Input, int N1, N2, the order of the banded and dense blocks. N1 and N2 must be nonnegative, and at least one must be positive. Input, int ML, MU, the lower and upper bandwidths. ML and MU must be nonnegative and no greater than N1-1. Output, double R8BB_INDICATOR[(2*ML+MU+1)*N1+2*N1*N2+N2*N2], the matrix. */ { double *a; int base; int fac; int i; int j; int row; a = r8vec_zeros_new ( ( 2 * ml + mu + 1 ) * n1 + 2 * n1 * n2 + n2 * n2 ); fac = i4_power ( 10, i4_log_10 ( n1 + n2 ) + 1 ); /* Set the banded matrix A1. */ for ( j = 1; j <= n1; j++ ) { for ( row = 1; row <= 2 * ml + mu + 1; row++ ) { i = row + j - ml - mu - 1; if ( ml < row && 1 <= i && i <= n1 ) { a[row-1+(j-1)*(2*ml+mu+1)] = ( double ) ( fac * i + j ); } else { a[row-1+(j-1)*(2*ml+mu+1)] = 0.0; } } } /* Set the N1 by N2 rectangular strip A2. */ base = ( 2 * ml + mu + 1 ) * n1; for ( i = 1; i <= n1; i++ ) { for ( j = n1 + 1; j <= n1 + n2; j++ ) { a[base + i-1 + (j-n1-1)*n1 ] = ( double ) ( fac * i + j ); } } /* Set the N2 by N1 rectangular strip A3. */ base = ( 2 * ml + mu + 1 ) * n1 + n1 * n2; for ( i = n1 + 1; i <= n1 + n2; i++ ) { for ( j = 1; j <= n1; j++ ) { a[base + i-n1-1 + (j-1)*n2 ] = ( double ) ( fac * i + j ); } } /* Set the N2 by N2 square A4. */ base = ( 2 * ml + mu + 1 ) * n1 + n1 * n2 + n2 * n1; for ( i = n1 + 1; i <= n1 + n2; i++ ) { for ( j = n1 + 1; j <= n1 + n2; j++ ) { a[base + i-n1-1 + (j-n1-1)*n2 ] = ( double ) ( fac * i + j ); } } return a; } /******************************************************************************/ double *r8bb_mtv ( int n1, int n2, int ml, int mu, double a[], double x[] ) /******************************************************************************/ /* Purpose: r8bb_mtv() multiplies a vector by an R8BB matrix. Discussion: The R8BB storage format is for a border banded matrix. Such a matrix has the logical form: A1 | A2 ---+--- A3 | A4 with A1 a (usually large) N1 by N1 banded matrix, while A2, A3 and A4 are dense rectangular matrices of orders N1 by N2, N2 by N1, and N2 by N2, respectively. A should be defined as a vector. The user must then store the entries of the four blocks of the matrix into the vector A. Each block is stored by columns. A1, the banded portion of the matrix, is stored in the first (2*ML+MU+1)*N1 entries of A, using standard LINPACK general band format. The reason for the factor of 2 in front of ML is to allocate space that may be required if pivoting occurs. The following formulas should be used to determine how to store the entry corresponding to row I and column J in the original matrix: Entries of A1: 1 <= I <= N1, 1 <= J <= N1, (J-I) <= MU and (I-J) <= ML. Store the I, J entry into location (I-J+ML+MU+1)+(J-1)*(2*ML+MU+1). Entries of A2: 1 <= I <= N1, N1+1 <= J <= N1+N2. Store the I, J entry into location (2*ML+MU+1)*N1+(J-N1-1)*N1+I. Entries of A3: N1+1 <= I <= N1+N2, 1 <= J <= N. Store the I, J entry into location (2*ML+MU+1)*N1+N1*N2+(J-1)*N2+(I-N1). Entries of A4: N1+1 <= I <= N1+N2, N1+1 <= J <= N1+N2 Store the I, J entry into location (2*ML+MU+1)*N1+N1*N2+(J-1)*N2+(I-N1). (same formula used for A3). Example: With N1 = 4, N2 = 1, ML = 1, MU = 2, the matrix entries would be: 00 00 00 00 00 00 --- --- A11 A12 A13 00 --- A16 A17 A21 A22 A23 A24 00 A26 A27 --- A32 A33 A34 A35 A36 A37 --- --- A43 A44 A45 A46 A47 --- --- --- A54 A55 A56 A57 00 A61 A62 A63 A64 A65 A66 A67 A71 A72 A73 A74 A75 A76 A77 Licensing: This code is distributed under the MIT license. Modified: 19 January 2013 Author: John Burkardt Parameters: Input, int N1, N2, the order of the banded and dense blocks N1 and N2 must be nonnegative, and at least one must be positive. Input, int ML, MU, the lower and upper bandwidths. ML and MU must be nonnegative and no greater than N1-1. Input, double A[(2*ML+MU+1)*N1 + 2*N1*N2 + N2*N2], the R8BB matrix. Input, double X[N1+N2], the vector to multiply A. Output, double R8BB_MTV[N1+N2], the product X times A. */ { double *b; int i; int ihi; int ij; int ilo; int j; /* Initialize B. */ b = r8vec_zeros_new ( n1 + n2 ); /* Multiply by A1. */ for ( j = 1; j <= n1; j++ ) { ilo = i4_max ( 1, j - mu - ml ); ihi = i4_min ( n1, j + ml ); ij = ( j - 1 ) * ( 2 * ml + mu + 1 ) - j + ml + mu + 1; for ( i = ilo; i <= ihi; i++ ) { b[j-1] = b[j-1] + x[i-1] * a[ij+i-1]; } } /* Multiply by A2. */ for ( j = n1 + 1; j <= n1 + n2; j++ ) { ij = ( 2 * ml + mu + 1 ) * n1 + ( j - n1 - 1 ) * n1; for ( i = 1; i <= n1; i++ ) { b[j-1] = b[j-1] + x[i-1] * a[ij+i-1]; } } /* Multiply by A3 and A4. */ for ( j = 1; j <= n1 + n2; j++ ) { ij = ( 2 * ml + mu + 1 ) * n1 + n1 * n2 + ( j - 1 ) * n2 - n1; for ( i = n1 + 1; i <= n1 + n2; i++ ) { b[j-1] = b[j-1] + x[i-1] * a[ij+i-1]; } } return b; } /******************************************************************************/ double *r8bb_mv ( int n1, int n2, int ml, int mu, double a[], double x[] ) /******************************************************************************/ /* Purpose: r8bb_mv() multiplies an R8BB matrix times a vector. Discussion: The R8BB storage format is for a border banded matrix. Such a matrix has the logical form: A1 | A2 ---+--- A3 | A4 with A1 a (usually large) N1 by N1 banded matrix, while A2, A3 and A4 are dense rectangular matrices of orders N1 by N2, N2 by N1, and N2 by N2, respectively. A should be defined as a vector. The user must then store the entries of the four blocks of the matrix into the vector A. Each block is stored by columns. A1, the banded portion of the matrix, is stored in the first (2*ML+MU+1)*N1 entries of A, using standard LINPACK general band format. The reason for the factor of 2 in front of ML is to allocate space that may be required if pivoting occurs. The following formulas should be used to determine how to store the entry corresponding to row I and column J in the original matrix: Entries of A1: 1 <= I <= N1, 1 <= J <= N1, (J-I) <= MU and (I-J) <= ML. Store the I, J entry into location (I-J+ML+MU+1)+(J-1)*(2*ML+MU+1). Entries of A2: 1 <= I <= N1, N1+1 <= J <= N1+N2. Store the I, J entry into location (2*ML+MU+1)*N1+(J-N1-1)*N1+I. Entries of A3: N1+1 <= I <= N1+N2, 1 <= J <= N1. Store the I, J entry into location (2*ML+MU+1)*N1+N1*N2+(J-1)*N2+(I-N1). Entries of A4: N1+1 <= I <= N1+N2, N1+1 <= J <= N1+N2 Store the I, J entry into location (2*ML+MU+1)*N1+N1*N2+(J-1)*N2+(I-N1). (same formula used for A3). Example: With N1 = 4, N2 = 1, ML = 1, MU = 2, the matrix entries would be: 00 00 00 00 00 00 --- --- A11 A12 A13 00 --- A16 A17 A21 A22 A23 A24 00 A26 A27 --- A32 A33 A34 A35 A36 A37 --- --- A43 A44 A45 A46 A47 --- --- --- A54 A55 A56 A57 00 A61 A62 A63 A64 A65 A66 A67 A71 A72 A73 A74 A75 A76 A77 Licensing: This code is distributed under the MIT license. Modified: 19 January 2013 Author: John Burkardt Parameters: Input, int N1, N2, the order of the banded and dense blocks N1 and N2 must be nonnegative, and at least one must be positive. Input, int ML, MU, the lower and upper bandwidths. ML and MU must be nonnegative and no greater than N1-1. Input, double A[(2*ML+MU+1)*N1+2*N1*N2+N2*N2], the R8BB matrix. Input, double X[N1+N2], the vector to be multiplied by A. Output, double R8BB_MV[N1+N2], the result of multiplying A by X. */ { double *b; int i; int ihi; int ij; int ilo; int j; /* Initialize B. */ b = r8vec_zeros_new ( n1 + n2 ); /* Multiply by A1. */ for ( j = 1; j <= n1; j++ ) { ilo = i4_max ( 1, j - mu - ml ); ihi = i4_min ( n1, j + ml ); ij = ( j - 1 ) * ( 2 * ml + mu + 1 ) - j + ml + mu + 1; for ( i = ilo; i <= ihi; i++ ) { b[i-1] = b[i-1] + a[ij+i-1] * x[j-1]; } } /* Multiply by A2. */ for ( j = n1 + 1; j <= n1 + n2; j++ ) { ij = ( 2 * ml + mu + 1 ) * n1 + ( j - n1 - 1 ) * n1; for ( i = 1; i <= n1; i++ ) { b[i-1] = b[i-1] + a[ij+i-1] * x[j-1]; } } /* Multiply by A3 and A4. */ for ( j = 1; j <= n1 + n2; j++ ) { ij = ( 2 * ml + mu + 1 ) * n1 + n1 * n2 + ( j - 1 ) * n2 - n1; for ( i = n1 + 1; i <= n1 + n2; i++ ) { b[i-1] = b[i-1] + a[ij+i-1] * x[j-1]; } } return b; } /******************************************************************************/ void r8bb_print ( int n1, int n2, int ml, int mu, double a[], char *title ) /******************************************************************************/ /* Purpose: r8bb_print() prints an R8BB matrix. Discussion: The R8BB storage format is for a border banded matrix. Such a matrix has the logical form: A1 | A2 ---+--- A3 | A4 with A1 a (usually large) N1 by N1 banded matrix, while A2, A3 and A4 are dense rectangular matrices of orders N1 by N2, N2 by N1, and N2 by N2, respectively. A should be defined as a vector. The user must then store the entries of the four blocks of the matrix into the vector A. Each block is stored by columns. A1, the banded portion of the matrix, is stored in the first (2*ML+MU+1)*N1 entries of A, using standard LINPACK general band format. The reason for the factor of 2 in front of ML is to allocate space that may be required if pivoting occurs. The following formulas should be used to determine how to store the entry corresponding to row I and column J in the original matrix: Entries of A1: 1 <= I <= N1, 1 <= J <= N1, (J-I) <= MU and (I-J) <= ML. Store the I, J entry into location (I-J+ML+MU+1)+(J-1)*(2*ML+MU+1). Entries of A2: 1 <= I <= N1, N1+1 <= J <= N1+N2. Store the I, J entry into location (2*ML+MU+1)*N1+(J-N1-1)*N1+I. Entries of A3: N1+1 <= I <= N1+N2, 1 <= J <= N1. Store the I, J entry into location (2*ML+MU+1)*N1+N1*N2+(J-1)*N2+(I-N1). Entries of A4: N1+1 <= I <= N1+N2, N1+1 <= J <= N1+N2 Store the I, J entry into location (2*ML+MU+1)*N1+N1*N2+(J-1)*N2+(I-N1). (same formula used for A3). Example: With N1 = 4, N2 = 1, ML = 1, MU = 2, the matrix entries would be: 00 00 00 00 00 00 --- --- A11 A12 A13 00 --- A16 A17 A21 A22 A23 A24 00 A26 A27 --- A32 A33 A34 A35 A36 A37 --- --- A43 A44 A45 A46 A47 --- --- --- A54 A55 A56 A57 00 A61 A62 A63 A64 A65 A66 A67 A71 A72 A73 A74 A75 A76 A77 Licensing: This code is distributed under the MIT license. Modified: 19 January 2013 Author: John Burkardt Parameters: Input, int N1, N2, the order of the banded and dense blocks. N1 and N2 must be nonnegative, and at least one must be positive. Input, int ML, MU, the lower and upper bandwidths. ML and MU must be nonnegative, and no greater than N1-1. Input, double A[(2*ML+MU+1)*N1+2*N1*N2+N2*N2], the R8BB matrix. Input, char *TITLE, a title. */ { r8bb_print_some ( n1, n2, ml, mu, a, 0, 0, n1 + n2 - 1, n1 + n2 - 1, title ); return; } /******************************************************************************/ void r8bb_print_some ( int n1, int n2, int ml, int mu, double a[], int ilo, int jlo, int ihi, int jhi, char *title ) /******************************************************************************/ /* Purpose: r8bb_print_some() prints some of an R8BB matrix. Discussion: The R8BB storage format is for a border banded matrix. Such a matrix has the logical form: A1 | A2 ---+--- A3 | A4 with A1 a (usually large) N1 by N1 banded matrix, while A2, A3 and A4 are dense rectangular matrices of orders N1 by N2, N2 by N1, and N2 by N2, respectively. A should be defined as a vector. The user must then store the entries of the four blocks of the matrix into the vector A. Each block is stored by columns. A1, the banded portion of the matrix, is stored in the first (2*ML+MU+1)*N1 entries of A, using standard LINPACK general band format. The reason for the factor of 2 in front of ML is to allocate space that may be required if pivoting occurs. The following formulas should be used to determine how to store the entry corresponding to row I and column J in the original matrix: Entries of A1: 1 <= I <= N1, 1 <= J <= N1, (J-I) <= MU and (I-J) <= ML. Store the I, J entry into location (I-J+ML+MU+1)+(J-1)*(2*ML+MU+1). Entries of A2: 1 <= I <= N1, N1+1 <= J <= N1+N2. Store the I, J entry into location (2*ML+MU+1)*N1+(J-N1-1)*N1+I. Entries of A3: N1+1 <= I <= N1+N2, 1 <= J <= N1. Store the I, J entry into location (2*ML+MU+1)*N1+N1*N2+(J-1)*N2+(I-N1). Entries of A4: N1+1 <= I <= N1+N2, N1+1 <= J <= N1+N2 Store the I, J entry into location (2*ML+MU+1)*N1+N1*N2+(J-1)*N2+(I-N1). (same formula used for A3). Example: With N1 = 4, N2 = 1, ML = 1, MU = 2, the matrix entries would be: 00 00 00 00 00 00 --- --- A11 A12 A13 00 --- A16 A17 A21 A22 A23 A24 00 A26 A27 --- A32 A33 A34 A35 A36 A37 --- --- A43 A44 A45 A46 A47 --- --- --- A54 A55 A56 A57 00 A61 A62 A63 A64 A65 A66 A67 A71 A72 A73 A74 A75 A76 A77 Licensing: This code is distributed under the MIT license. Modified: 19 January 2013 Author: John Burkardt Parameters: Input, int N1, N2, the order of the banded and dense blocks. N1 and N2 must be nonnegative, and at least one must be positive. Input, int ML, MU, the lower and upper bandwidths. ML and MU must be nonnegative, and no greater than N1-1. Input, double A[(2*ML+MU+1)*N1+2*N1*N2+N2*N2], the R8BB matrix. Input, int ILO, JLO, IHI, JHI, designate the first row and column, and the last row and column to be printed. Input, char *TITLE, a title. */ { # define INCX 5 double aij; int i; int i2hi; int i2lo; int ij; int j; int j2hi; int j2lo; printf ( "\n" ); printf ( "%s\n", title ); /* Print the columns of the matrix, in strips of 5. */ for ( j2lo = jlo; j2lo <= jhi; j2lo = j2lo + INCX ) { j2hi = j2lo + INCX - 1; j2hi = i4_min ( j2hi, n1 + n2 - 1 ); j2hi = i4_min ( j2hi, jhi ); printf ( "\n" ); printf ( " Col: " ); for ( j = j2lo; j <= j2hi; j++ ) { printf ( "%7d ", j ); } printf ( "\n" ); printf ( " Row\n" ); printf ( " ---\n" ); /* Determine the range of the rows in this strip. */ i2lo = i4_max ( ilo, 0 ); i2hi = i4_min ( ihi, n1 + n2 - 1 ); for ( i = i2lo; i <= i2hi; i++ ) { printf ( "%4d ", i ); /* Print out (up to) 5 entries in row I, that lie in the current strip. */ for ( j = j2lo; j <= j2hi; j++ ) { aij = 0.0; if ( i < n1 && j < n1 ) { if ( ( j - i ) <= mu+ml && ( i - j ) <= ml ) { ij = ( i - j + ml + mu ) + j * ( 2 * ml + mu + 1 ); aij = a[ij]; } } else if ( i < n1 && n1 <= j ) { ij = ( 2 * ml + mu + 1 ) * n1 + ( j - n1 ) * n1 + i; aij = a[ij]; } else if ( n1 <= i ) { ij = ( 2 * ml + mu + 1 ) * n1 + n2 * n1 + j * n2 + ( i - n1 ); aij = a[ij]; } printf ( "%12g ", aij ); } printf ( "\n" ); } } return; # undef INCX } /******************************************************************************/ double *r8bb_random ( int n1, int n2, int ml, int mu, int *seed ) /******************************************************************************/ /* Purpose: r8bb_random() randomizes an R8BB matrix. Discussion: The R8BB storage format is for a border banded matrix. Such a matrix has the logical form: A1 | A2 ---+--- A3 | A4 with A1 a (usually large) N1 by N1 banded matrix, while A2, A3 and A4 are dense rectangular matrices of orders N1 by N2, N2 by N1, and N2 by N2, respectively. A should be defined as a vector. The user must then store the entries of the four blocks of the matrix into the vector A. Each block is stored by columns. A1, the banded portion of the matrix, is stored in the first (2*ML+MU+1)*N1 entries of A, using standard LINPACK general band format. The reason for the factor of 2 in front of ML is to allocate space that may be required if pivoting occurs. The following formulas should be used to determine how to store the entry corresponding to row I and column J in the original matrix: Entries of A1: 1 <= I <= N1, 1 <= J <= N1, (J-I) <= MU and (I-J) <= ML. Store the I, J entry into location (I-J+ML+MU+1)+(J-1)*(2*ML+MU+1). Entries of A2: 1 <= I <= N1, N1+1 <= J <= N1+N2. Store the I, J entry into location (2*ML+MU+1)*N1+(J-N1-1)*N1+I. Entries of A3: N1+1 <= I <= N1+N2, 1 <= J <= N1. Store the I, J entry into location (2*ML+MU+1)*N1+N1*N2+(J-1)*N2+(I-N1). Entries of A4: N1+1 <= I <= N1+N2, N1+1 <= J <= N1+N2 Store the I, J entry into location (2*ML+MU+1)*N1+N1*N2+(J-1)*N2+(I-N1). (same formula used for A3). Example: With N1 = 4, N2 = 1, ML = 1, MU = 2, the matrix entries would be: 00 00 00 00 00 00 --- --- A11 A12 A13 00 --- A16 A17 A21 A22 A23 A24 00 A26 A27 --- A32 A33 A34 A35 A36 A37 --- --- A43 A44 A45 A46 A47 --- --- --- A54 A55 A56 A57 00 A61 A62 A63 A64 A65 A66 A67 A71 A72 A73 A74 A75 A76 A77 Licensing: This code is distributed under the MIT license. Modified: 19 January 2013 Author: John Burkardt Parameters: Input, int N1, N2, the order of the banded and dense blocks. N1 and N2 must be nonnegative, and at least one must be positive. Input, int ML, MU, the lower and upper bandwidths. ML and MU must be nonnegative and no greater than N1-1. Input/output, int *SEED, a seed for the random number generator. Output, double R8BB_RANDOM[(2*ML+MU+1)*N1+2*N1*N2+N2*N2], the R8BB matrix. */ { double *a; int i; int j; int row; a = r8vec_zeros_new ( ( 2 * ml + mu + 1 ) * n1 + 2 * n1 * n2 + n2 * n2 ); /* Randomize the banded matrix A1. */ for ( j = 1; j <= n1; j++ ) { for ( row = 1; row <= 2 * ml + mu + 1; row++ ) { i = row + j - ml - mu - 1; if ( ml < row && 1 <= i && i <= n1 ) { a[row-1+(j-1)*(2*ml+mu+1)] = r8_uniform_01 ( seed ); } } } /* Randomize the rectangular strips A2+A3+A4. */ for ( i = ( 2 * ml + mu + 1 ) * n1; i < (2*ml+mu+1)*n1+2*n1*n2+n2*n2; i++ ) { a[i] = r8_uniform_01 ( seed ); } return a; } /******************************************************************************/ void r8bb_set ( int n1, int n2, int ml, int mu, double a[], int i, int j, double value ) /******************************************************************************/ /* Purpose: r8bb_set() sets a value of an R8BB matrix. Discussion: The R8BB storage format is for a border banded matrix. Such a matrix has the logical form: A1 | A2 ---+--- A3 | A4 with A1 a (usually large) N1 by N1 banded matrix, while A2, A3 and A4 are dense rectangular matrices of orders N1 by N2, N2 by N1, and N2 by N2, respectively. A should be defined as a vector. The user must then store the entries of the four blocks of the matrix into the vector A. Each block is stored by columns. A1, the banded portion of the matrix, is stored in the first (2*ML+MU+1)*N1 entries of A, using standard LINPACK general band format. The reason for the factor of 2 in front of ML is to allocate space that may be required if pivoting occurs. The following formulas should be used to determine how to store the entry corresponding to row I and column J in the original matrix: Entries of A1: 1 <= I <= N1, 1 <= J <= N1, (J-I) <= MU and (I-J) <= ML. Store the I, J entry into location (I-J+ML+MU+1)+(J-1)*(2*ML+MU+1). Entries of A2: 1 <= I <= N1, N1+1 <= J <= N1+N2. Store the I, J entry into location (2*ML+MU+1)*N1+(J-N1-1)*N1+I. Entries of A3: N1+1 <= I <= N1+N2, 1 <= J <= N1. Store the I, J entry into location (2*ML+MU+1)*N1+N1*N2+(J-1)*N2+(I-N1). Entries of A4: N1+1 <= I <= N1+N2, N1+1 <= J <= N1+N2 Store the I, J entry into location (2*ML+MU+1)*N1+N1*N2+(J-1)*N2+(I-N1). (same formula used for A3). Example: With N1 = 4, N2 = 1, ML = 1, MU = 2, the matrix entries would be: 00 00 00 00 00 00 --- --- A11 A12 A13 00 --- A16 A17 A21 A22 A23 A24 00 A26 A27 --- A32 A33 A34 A35 A36 A37 --- --- A43 A44 A45 A46 A47 --- --- --- A54 A55 A56 A57 00 A61 A62 A63 A64 A65 A66 A67 A71 A72 A73 A74 A75 A76 A77 Licensing: This code is distributed under the MIT license. Modified: 19 January 2013 Author: John Burkardt Parameters: Input, int N1, N2, the order of the banded and dense blocks. N1 and N2 must be nonnegative, and at least one must be positive. Input, int ML, MU, the lower and upper bandwidths. ML and MU must be nonnegative, and no greater than N1-1. Input/output, double A[(2*ML+MU+1)*N1+2*N1*N2+N2*N2], the R8BB matrix. Input, int I, J, the row and column of the entry to be incremented. Some combinations of I and J are illegal. Input, double VALUE, the value to be assigned to the (I,J)-th entry. */ { int ij; if ( i < 0 || n1 + n2 <= i ) { fprintf ( stderr, "\n" ); fprintf ( stderr, "R8BB_SET(): Fatal error!\n" ); fprintf ( stderr, " Illegal input value of row index I = %d\n", i ); exit ( 1 ); } if ( j < 0 || n1 + n2 <= j ) { fprintf ( stderr, "\n" ); fprintf ( stderr, "R8BB_SET(): Fatal error!\n" ); fprintf ( stderr, " Illegal input value of column index J = %d\n", j ); exit ( 1 ); } /* The A1 block of the matrix. Check for out of band problems. Normally, we would check the condition MU < (J-I), but the storage format requires extra entries be set aside in case of pivoting, which means that the condition becomes MU+ML < (J-I). */ if ( i < n1 && j < n1 ) { if ( ( mu + ml ) < ( j - i ) || ml < ( i - j ) ) { printf ( "\n" ); printf ( "R8BB_SET - Warning!\n" ); printf ( " Unable to set entry (%d,%d).\n", i, j ); } else { ij = ( i - j + ml + mu ) + j * ( 2 * ml + mu + 1 ); } } /* The A2 block of the matrix. */ else if ( i < n1 && n1 <= j ) { ij = ( 2 * ml + mu + 1 ) * n1 + ( j - n1 ) * n1 + i; } /* The A3 and A4 blocks of the matrix. */ else if ( n1 <= i ) { ij = ( 2 * ml + mu + 1 ) * n1 + n2 * n1 + j * n2 + ( i - n1 ); } a[ij] = value; return; } /******************************************************************************/ double *r8bb_sl ( int n1, int n2, int ml, int mu, double a_lu[], int pivot[], double b[] ) /******************************************************************************/ /* Discussion: r8bb_sl() solves an R8BB system factored by SBB_FA. Discussion: The R8BB storage format is for a border banded matrix. Such a matrix has the logical form: A1 | A2 ---+--- A3 | A4 with A1 a (usually large) N1 by N1 banded matrix, while A2, A3 and A4 are dense rectangular matrices of orders N1 by N2, N2 by N1, and N2 by N2, respectively. A should be defined as a vector. The user must then store the entries of the four blocks of the matrix into the vector A. Each block is stored by columns. A1, the banded portion of the matrix, is stored in the first (2*ML+MU+1)*N1 entries of A, using standard LINPACK general band format. The reason for the factor of 2 in front of ML is to allocate space that may be required if pivoting occurs. The following formulas should be used to determine how to store the entry corresponding to row I and column J in the original matrix: Entries of A1: 1 <= I <= N1, 1 <= J <= N1, (J-I) <= MU and (I-J) <= ML. Store the I, J entry into location (I-J+ML+MU+1)+(J-1)*(2*ML+MU+1). Entries of A2: 1 <= I <= N1, N1+1 <= J <= N1+N2. Store the I, J entry into location (2*ML+MU+1)*N1+(J-N1-1)*N1+I. Entries of A3: N1+1 <= I <= N1+N2, 1 <= J <= N1. Store the I, J entry into location (2*ML+MU+1)*N1+N1*N2+(J-1)*N2+(I-N1). Entries of A4: N1+1 <= I <= N1+N2, N1+1 <= J <= N1+N2 Store the I, J entry into location (2*ML+MU+1)*N1+N1*N2+(J-1)*N2+(I-N1). (same formula used for A3). Example: With N1 = 4, N2 = 1, ML = 1, MU = 2, the matrix entries would be: 00 00 00 00 00 00 --- --- A11 A12 A13 00 --- A16 A17 A21 A22 A23 A24 00 A26 A27 --- A32 A33 A34 A35 A36 A37 --- --- A43 A44 A45 A46 A47 --- --- --- A54 A55 A56 A57 00 A61 A62 A63 A64 A65 A66 A67 A71 A72 A73 A74 A75 A76 A77 Licensing: This code is distributed under the MIT license. Modified: 19 January 2013 Author: John Burkardt Parameters: Input, int N1, N2, the order of the banded and dense blocks. N1 and N2 must be nonnegative, and at least one must be positive. Input, int ML, MU, the lower and upper bandwidths. ML and MU must be nonnegative and no greater than N1-1. Input, double A_LU[(2*ML+MU+1)*N1 + 2*N1*N2 + N2*N2], the LU factors from R8BB_FA. Input, int PIVOT[N1+N2], the pivoting information from R8BB_FA. Input, double B[N1+N2], the right hand side. Output, double R8BB_SL[N1+N2], the solution. */ { double *b22; int i; int ij; int j; int job; int nband; double *x; double *x1; double *x2; nband = ( 2 * ml + mu + 1 ) * n1; /* Set X1 := inverse(A1) * B1. */ if ( 0 < n1 ) { job = 0; x1 = r8gb_sl ( n1, ml, mu, a_lu, pivot, b, job ); } /* Modify the right hand side of the second linear subsystem. Set B22 := B2 - A3*X1. */ if ( 0 < n2 ) { b22 = r8vec_zeros_new ( n2 ); for ( i = 0; i < n2; i++ ) { b22[i] = b[n1+i]; for ( j = 0; j < n1; j++ ) { ij = nband + n1 * n2 + j * n2 + i; b22[i] = b22[i] - a_lu[ij] * x1[j]; } } } /* Set X2 := inverse(A4) * B22. */ if ( 0 < n2 ) { job = 0; x2 = r8ge_sl_new ( n2, a_lu+(nband+2*n1*n2), pivot+n1, b22, job ); free ( b22 ); } /* Modify the first subsolution. Set X1 := X1 + A2*X2. */ for ( i = 0; i < n1; i++ ) { for ( j = 0; j < n2; j++ ) { ij = nband + j * n1 + i; x1[i] = x1[i] + a_lu[ij] * x2[j]; } } /* Set X = [ X1 | X2 ]. */ x = r8vec_zeros_new ( n1 + n2 ); if ( 0 < n1 ) { for ( i = 0; i < n1; i++ ) { x[i] = x1[i]; } free ( x1 ); } if ( 0 < n2 ) { for ( i = 0; i < n2; i++ ) { x[n1+i] = x2[i]; } free ( x2 ); } return x; } /******************************************************************************/ double *r8bb_to_r8ge ( int n1, int n2, int ml, int mu, double a[] ) /******************************************************************************/ /* Purpose: r8bb_to_r8ge() copies an R8BB matrix to an R8GE matrix. Discussion: The R8BB storage format is for a border banded matrix. Such a matrix has the logical form: A1 | A2 ---+--- A3 | A4 with A1 a (usually large) N1 by N1 banded matrix, while A2, A3 and A4 are dense rectangular matrices of orders N1 by N2, N2 by N1, and N2 by N2, respectively. A should be defined as a vector. The user must then store the entries of the four blocks of the matrix into the vector A. Each block is stored by columns. A1, the banded portion of the matrix, is stored in the first (2*ML+MU+1)*N1 entries of A, using standard LINPACK general band format. The reason for the factor of 2 in front of ML is to allocate space that may be required if pivoting occurs. The following formulas should be used to determine how to store the entry corresponding to row I and column J in the original matrix: Entries of A1: 1 <= I <= N1, 1 <= J <= N1, (J-I) <= MU and (I-J) <= ML. Store the I, J entry into location (I-J+ML+MU+1)+(J-1)*(2*ML+MU+1). Entries of A2: 1 <= I <= N1, N1+1 <= J <= N1+N2. Store the I, J entry into location (2*ML+MU+1)*N1+(J-N1-1)*N1+I. Entries of A3: N1+1 <= I <= N1+N2, 1 <= J <= N1. Store the I, J entry into location (2*ML+MU+1)*N1+N1*N2+(J-1)*N2+(I-N1). Entries of A4: N1+1 <= I <= N1+N2, N1+1 <= J <= N1+N2 Store the I, J entry into location (2*ML+MU+1)*N1+N1*N2+(J-1)*N2+(I-N1). (same formula used for A3). Example: With N1 = 4, N2 = 1, ML = 1, MU = 2, the matrix entries would be: 00 00 00 00 00 00 --- --- A11 A12 A13 00 --- A16 A17 A21 A22 A23 A24 00 A26 A27 --- A32 A33 A34 A35 A36 A37 --- --- A43 A44 A45 A46 A47 --- --- --- A54 A55 A56 A57 00 A61 A62 A63 A64 A65 A66 A67 A71 A72 A73 A74 A75 A76 A77 Licensing: This code is distributed under the MIT license. Modified: 10 July 2016 Author: John Burkardt Parameters: Input, int N1, N2, the order of the banded and dense blocks. N1 and N2 must be nonnegative, and at least one must be positive. Input, int ML, MU, the lower and upper bandwidths. ML and MU must be nonnegative, and no greater than N1-1. Input, double A[(2*ML+MU+1)*N1+2*N1*N2+N2*N2], the R8BB matrix. Output, double R8BB_TO_R8GE[(N1+N2)*(N1+N2)], the R8GE matrix. */ { double *b; int i; int ij; int j; b = r8vec_zeros_new ( ( n1 + n2 ) * ( n1 + n2 ) ); for ( i = 1; i <= n1; i++ ) { for ( j = 1; j <= n1; j++ ) { if ( mu + ml < ( j - i ) || ml < ( i - j ) ) { b[i-1+(j-1)*(n1+n2)] = 0.0; } else { ij = ( i - j + ml + mu + 1 ) + ( j - 1 ) * ( 2 * ml + mu + 1 ); b[i-1+(j-1)*(n1+n2)] = a[ij-1]; } } } for ( i = 1; i <= n1; i++ ) { for ( j = n1 + 1; j <= n1 + n2; j++ ) { ij = ( 2 * ml + mu + 1 ) * n1 + ( j - n1 - 1 ) * n1 + i; b[i-1+(j-1)*(n1+n2)] = a[ij-1]; } } for ( i = n1 + 1; i <= n1 + n2; i++ ) { for ( j = 1; j <= n1 + n2; j++ ) { ij = ( 2 * ml + mu + 1 ) * n1 + n2 * n1 + ( j - 1 ) * n2 + ( i - n1 ); b[i-1+(j-1)*(n1+n2)] = a[ij-1]; } } return b; } /******************************************************************************/ double *r8bb_zeros ( int n1, int n2, int ml, int mu ) /******************************************************************************/ /* Purpose: r8bb_zeros() zeros an R8BB matrix. Discussion: The R8BB storage format is for a border banded matrix. Such a matrix has the logical form: A1 | A2 ---+--- A3 | A4 with A1 a (usually large) N1 by N1 banded matrix, while A2, A3 and A4 are dense rectangular matrices of orders N1 by N2, N2 by N1, and N2 by N2, respectively. A should be defined as a vector. The user must then store the entries of the four blocks of the matrix into the vector A. Each block is stored by columns. A1, the banded portion of the matrix, is stored in the first (2*ML+MU+1)*N1 entries of A, using standard LINPACK general band format. The reason for the factor of 2 in front of ML is to allocate space that may be required if pivoting occurs. The following formulas should be used to determine how to store the entry corresponding to row I and column J in the original matrix: Entries of A1: 1 <= I <= N1, 1 <= J <= N1, (J-I) <= MU and (I-J) <= ML. Store the I, J entry into location (I-J+ML+MU+1)+(J-1)*(2*ML+MU+1). Entries of A2: 1 <= I <= N1, N1+1 <= J <= N1+N2. Store the I, J entry into location (2*ML+MU+1)*N1+(J-N1-1)*N1+I. Entries of A3: N1+1 <= I <= N1+N2, 1 <= J <= N1. Store the I, J entry into location (2*ML+MU+1)*N1+N1*N2+(J-1)*N2+(I-N1). Entries of A4: N1+1 <= I <= N1+N2, N1+1 <= J <= N1+N2 Store the I, J entry into location (2*ML+MU+1)*N1+N1*N2+(J-1)*N2+(I-N1). (same formula used for A3). Example: With N1 = 4, N2 = 1, ML = 1, MU = 2, the matrix entries would be: 00 00 00 00 00 00 --- --- A11 A12 A13 00 --- A16 A17 A21 A22 A23 A24 00 A26 A27 --- A32 A33 A34 A35 A36 A37 --- --- A43 A44 A45 A46 A47 --- --- --- A54 A55 A56 A57 00 A61 A62 A63 A64 A65 A66 A67 A71 A72 A73 A74 A75 A76 A77 Licensing: This code is distributed under the MIT license. Modified: 19 January 2013 Author: John Burkardt Parameters: Input, int N1, N2, the order of the banded and dense blocks. N1 and N2 must be nonnegative, and at least one must be positive. Input, int ML, MU, the lower and upper bandwidths. ML and MU must be nonnegative and no greater than N1-1. Output, double R8BB_ZEROS[(2*ML+MU+1)*N1+2*N1*N2+N2*N2], the R8BB matrix. */ { double *a; a = r8vec_zeros_new ( ( 2 * ml + mu + 1 ) * n1 + 2 * n1 * n2 + n2 * n2 ); return a; } /******************************************************************************/ int r8gb_fa ( int n, int ml, int mu, double a[], int pivot[] ) /******************************************************************************/ /* Purpose: r8gb_fa() performs a LINPACK-style PLU factorization of an R8GB matrix. Discussion: The R8GB storage format is used for an M by N banded matrix, with lower bandwidth ML and upper bandwidth MU. Storage includes room for ML extra superdiagonals, which may be required to store nonzero entries generated during Gaussian elimination. The original M by N matrix is "collapsed" downward, so that diagonals become rows of the storage array, while columns are preserved. The collapsed array is logically 2*ML+MU+1 by N. The two dimensional array can be further reduced to a one dimensional array, stored by columns. Licensing: This code is distributed under the MIT license. Modified: 07 February 2012 Author: Original FORTRAN77 version by Dongarra, Bunch, Moler, Stewart. C version by John Burkardt. Reference: Jack Dongarra, Jim Bunch, Cleve Moler, Pete Stewart, LINPACK User's Guide, SIAM, 1979, ISBN13: 978-0-898711-72-1, LC: QA214.L56. Parameters: Input, int N, the order of the matrix. N must be positive. Input, int ML, MU, the lower and upper bandwidths. ML and MU must be nonnegative, and no greater than N-1. Input/output, double A[(2*ML+MU+1)*N], the matrix in band storage. On output, A has been overwritten by the LU factors. Output, int PIVOT[N], the pivot vector. Output, int R8GB_FA, singularity flag. 0, no singularity detected. nonzero, the factorization failed on the INFO-th step. */ { int col = 2 * ml + mu + 1; int i; int i0; int j; int j0; int j1; int ju; int jz; int k; int l; int lm; int m; int mm; double t; m = ml + mu + 1; /* Zero out the initial fill-in columns. */ j0 = mu + 2; j1 = i4_min ( n, m ) - 1; for ( jz = j0; jz <= j1; jz++ ) { i0 = m + 1 - jz; for ( i = i0; i <= ml; i++ ) { a[i-1+(jz-1)*col] = 0.0; } } jz = j1; ju = 0; for ( k = 1; k <= n - 1; k++ ) { /* Zero out the next fill-in column. */ jz = jz + 1; if ( jz <= n ) { for ( i = 1; i <= ml; i++ ) { a[i-1+(jz-1)*col] = 0.0; } } /* Find L = pivot index. */ lm = i4_min ( ml, n - k ); l = m; for ( j = m + 1; j <= m + lm; j++ ) { if ( fabs ( a[l-1+(k-1)*col] ) < fabs ( a[j-1+(k-1)*col] ) ) { l = j; } } pivot[k-1] = l + k - m; /* Zero pivot implies this column already triangularized. */ if ( a[l-1+(k-1)*col] == 0.0 ) { fprintf ( stderr, "\n" ); fprintf ( stderr, "R8GB_FA(): Fatal error!\n" ); fprintf ( stderr, " Zero pivot on step %d\n", k ); exit ( 1 ); } /* Interchange if necessary. */ t = a[l-1+(k-1)*col]; a[l-1+(k-1)*col] = a[m-1+(k-1)*col]; a[m-1+(k-1)*col] = t; /* Compute multipliers. */ for ( i = m + 1; i <= m + lm; i++ ) { a[i-1+(k-1)*col] = - a[i-1+(k-1)*col] / a[m-1+(k-1)*col]; } /* Row elimination with column indexing. */ ju = i4_max ( ju, mu + pivot[k-1] ); ju = i4_min ( ju, n ); mm = m; for ( j = k + 1; j <= ju; j++ ) { l = l - 1; mm = mm - 1; if ( l != mm ) { t = a[l-1+(j-1)*col]; a[l-1+(j-1)*col] = a[mm-1+(j-1)*col]; a[mm-1+(j-1)*col] = t; } for ( i = 1; i <= lm; i++ ) { a[mm+i-1+(j-1)*col] = a[mm+i-1+(j-1)*col] + a[mm-1+(j-1)*col] * a[m+i-1+(k-1)*col]; } } } pivot[n-1] = n; if ( a[m-1+(n-1)*col] == 0.0 ) { fprintf ( stderr, "\n" ); fprintf ( stderr, "R8GB_FA(): Fatal error!\n" ); fprintf ( stderr, " Zero pivot on step %d\n", n ); exit ( 1 ); } return 0; } /******************************************************************************/ double *r8gb_sl ( int n, int ml, int mu, double a_lu[], int pivot[], double b[], int job ) /******************************************************************************/ /* Purpose: r8gb_sl() solves a system factored by R8GB_FA. Discussion: The R8GB storage format is used for an M by N banded matrix, with lower bandwidth ML and upper bandwidth MU. Storage includes room for ML extra superdiagonals, which may be required to store nonzero entries generated during Gaussian elimination. The original M by N matrix is "collapsed" downward, so that diagonals become rows of the storage array, while columns are preserved. The collapsed array is logically 2*ML+MU+1 by N. The two dimensional array can be further reduced to a one dimensional array, stored by columns. Licensing: This code is distributed under the MIT license. Modified: 12 February 2012 Author: Original FORTRAN77 version by Dongarra, Bunch, Moler, Stewart. C version by John Burkardt. Reference: Jack Dongarra, Jim Bunch, Cleve Moler, Pete Stewart, LINPACK User's Guide, SIAM, 1979, ISBN13: 978-0-898711-72-1, LC: QA214.L56. Parameters: Input, int N, the order of the matrix. N must be positive. Input, int ML, MU, the lower and upper bandwidths. ML and MU must be nonnegative, and no greater than N-1. Input, double A_LU[(2*ML+MU+1)*N], the LU factors from R8GB_FA. Input, int PIVOT[N], the pivot vector from R8GB_FA. Input, double B[N], the right hand side vector. Input, int JOB. 0, solve A * x = b. nonzero, solve A' * x = b. Output, double R8GB_SL[N], the solution. */ { int col = 2 * ml + mu + 1; int i; int k; int l; int la; int lb; int lm; int m; double t; double *x; x = r8vec_zeros_new ( n ); for ( i = 0; i < n; i++ ) { x[i] = b[i]; } m = mu + ml + 1; /* Solve A * x = b. */ if ( job == 0 ) { /* Solve L * Y = B. */ if ( 1 <= ml ) { for ( k = 1; k <= n - 1; k++ ) { lm = i4_min ( ml, n - k ); l = pivot[k-1]; if ( l != k ) { t = x[l-1]; x[l-1] = x[k-1]; x[k-1] = t; } for ( i = 1; i <= lm; i++ ) { x[k+i-1] = x[k+i-1] + x[k-1] * a_lu[m+i-1+(k-1)*col]; } } } /* Solve U * X = Y. */ for ( k = n; 1 <= k; k-- ) { x[k-1] = x[k-1] / a_lu[m-1+(k-1)*col]; lm = i4_min ( k, m ) - 1; la = m - lm; lb = k - lm; for ( i = 0; i <= lm - 1; i++ ) { x[lb+i-1] = x[lb+i-1] - x[k-1] * a_lu[la+i-1+(k-1)*col]; } } } /* Solve A' * X = B. */ else { /* Solve U' * Y = B. */ for ( k = 1; k <= n; k++ ) { lm = i4_min ( k, m ) - 1; la = m - lm; lb = k - lm; for ( i = 0; i <= lm - 1; i++ ) { x[k-1] = x[k-1] - x[lb+i-1] * a_lu[la+i-1+(k-1)*col]; } x[k-1] = x[k-1] / a_lu[m-1+(k-1)*col]; } /* Solve L' * X = Y. */ if ( 1 <= ml ) { for ( k = n - 1; 1 <= k; k-- ) { lm = i4_min ( ml, n - k ); for ( i = 1; i <= lm; i++ ) { x[k-1] = x[k-1] + x[k+i-1] * a_lu[m+i-1+(k-1)*col]; } l = pivot[k-1]; if ( l != k ) { t = x[l-1]; x[l-1] = x[k-1]; x[k-1] = t; } } } } return x; } /******************************************************************************/ int r8ge_fa ( int n, double a[], int pivot[] ) /******************************************************************************/ /* Purpose: r8ge_fa() performs a LINPACK-style PLU factorization of an R8GE matrix. Discussion: The R8GE storage format is used for a "general" M by N matrix. A physical storage space is made for each logical entry. The two dimensional logical array is mapped to a vector, in which storage is by columns. R8GE_FA is a simplified version of the LINPACK routine SGEFA. The two dimensional array is stored by columns in a one dimensional array. Licensing: This code is distributed under the MIT license. Modified: 10 February 2012 Author: John Burkardt Reference: Jack Dongarra, Jim Bunch, Cleve Moler, Pete Stewart, LINPACK User's Guide, SIAM, 1979, ISBN13: 978-0-898711-72-1, LC: QA214.L56. Parameters: Input, int N, the order of the matrix. N must be positive. Input/output, double A[N*N], the matrix to be factored. On output, A contains an upper triangular matrix and the multipliers which were used to obtain it. The factorization can be written A = L * U, where L is a product of permutation and unit lower triangular matrices and U is upper triangular. Output, int PIVOT[N], a vector of pivot indices. Output, int R8GE_FA, singularity flag. 0, no singularity detected. nonzero, the factorization failed on the INFO-th step. */ { int i; int j; int k; int l; double t; for ( k = 1; k <= n - 1; k++ ) { /* Find L, the index of the pivot row. */ l = k; for ( i = k + 1; i <= n; i++ ) { if ( fabs ( a[l-1+(k-1)*n] ) < fabs ( a[i-1+(k-1)*n] ) ) { l = i; } } pivot[k-1] = l; /* If the pivot index is zero, the algorithm has failed. */ if ( a[l-1+(k-1)*n] == 0.0 ) { fprintf ( stderr, "\n" ); fprintf ( stderr, "R8GE_FA(): Fatal error!\n" ); fprintf ( stderr, " Zero pivot on step %d\n", k ); exit ( 1 ); } /* Interchange rows L and K if necessary. */ if ( l != k ) { t = a[l-1+(k-1)*n]; a[l-1+(k-1)*n] = a[k-1+(k-1)*n]; a[k-1+(k-1)*n] = t; } /* Normalize the values that lie below the pivot entry A(K,K). */ for ( i = k + 1; i <= n; i++ ) { a[i-1+(k-1)*n] = - a[i-1+(k-1)*n] / a[k-1+(k-1)*n]; } /* Row elimination with column indexing. */ for ( j = k + 1; j <= n; j++ ) { if ( l != k ) { t = a[l-1+(j-1)*n]; a[l-1+(j-1)*n] = a[k-1+(j-1)*n]; a[k-1+(j-1)*n] = t; } for ( i = k + 1; i <= n; i++ ) { a[i-1+(j-1)*n] = a[i-1+(j-1)*n] + a[i-1+(k-1)*n] * a[k-1+(j-1)*n]; } } } pivot[n-1] = n; if ( a[n-1+(n-1)*n] == 0.0 ) { fprintf ( stderr, "\n" ); fprintf ( stderr, "R8GE_FA(): Fatal error!\n" ); fprintf ( stderr, " Zero pivot on step %d\n", n ); exit ( 1 ); } return 0; } /******************************************************************************/ void r8ge_print ( int m, int n, double a[], char *title ) /******************************************************************************/ /* Purpose: r8ge_print() prints an R8GE matrix. Discussion: The R8GE storage format is used for a "general" M by N matrix. A physical storage space is made for each logical entry. The two dimensional logical array is mapped to a vector, in which storage is by columns. Licensing: This code is distributed under the MIT license. Modified: 28 February 2012 Author: John Burkardt Parameters: Input, int M, the number of rows of the matrix. M must be positive. Input, int N, the number of columns of the matrix. N must be positive. Input, double A[M*N], the R8GE matrix. Input, char *TITLE, a title. */ { r8ge_print_some ( m, n, a, 1, 1, m, n, title ); return; } /******************************************************************************/ void r8ge_print_some ( int m, int n, double a[], int ilo, int jlo, int ihi, int jhi, char *title ) /******************************************************************************/ /* Purpose: r8ge_print_some() prints some of an R8GE matrix. Discussion: The R8GE storage format is used for a "general" M by N matrix. A physical storage space is made for each logical entry. The two dimensional logical array is mapped to a vector, in which storage is by columns. Licensing: This code is distributed under the MIT license. Modified: 28 February 2012 Author: John Burkardt Parameters: Input, int M, the number of rows of the matrix. M must be positive. Input, int N, the number of columns of the matrix. N must be positive. Input, double A[M*N], the R8GE matrix. Input, int ILO, JLO, IHI, JHI, designate the first row and column, and the last row and column to be printed. Input, char *TITLE, a title. */ { # define INCX 5 int i; int i2hi; int i2lo; int j; int j2hi; int j2lo; printf ( "\n" ); printf ( "%s\n", title ); /* Print the columns of the matrix, in strips of 5. */ for ( j2lo = jlo; j2lo <= jhi; j2lo = j2lo + INCX ) { j2hi = j2lo + INCX - 1; j2hi = i4_min ( j2hi, n ); j2hi = i4_min ( j2hi, jhi ); printf ( "\n" ); /* For each column J in the current range... Write the header. */ printf ( " Col: " ); for ( j = j2lo; j <= j2hi; j++ ) { printf ( "%7d ", j ); } printf ( "\n" ); printf ( " Row\n" ); printf ( " ---\n" ); /* Determine the range of the rows in this strip. */ i2lo = i4_max ( ilo, 1 ); i2hi = i4_min ( ihi, m ); for ( i = i2lo; i <= i2hi; i++ ) { /* Print out (up to) 5 entries in row I, that lie in the current strip. */ printf ( "%5d ", i ); for ( j = j2lo; j <= j2hi; j++ ) { printf ( "%12g ", a[i-1+(j-1)*m] ); } printf ( "\n" ); } } return; # undef INCX } /******************************************************************************/ double *r8ge_sl_new ( int n, double a_lu[], int pivot[], double b[], int job ) /******************************************************************************/ /* Purpose: r8ge_sl_new() solves an R8GE system factored by R8GE_FA. Discussion: The R8GE storage format is used for a "general" M by N matrix. A physical storage space is made for each logical entry. The two dimensional logical array is mapped to a vector, in which storage is by columns. R8GE_SL_NEW is a simplified version of the LINPACK routine SGESL. Licensing: This code is distributed under the MIT license. Modified: 06 March 2012 Author: John Burkardt Parameters: Input, int N, the order of the matrix. N must be positive. Input, double A_LU[N*N], the LU factors from R8GE_FA. Input, int PIVOT[N], the pivot vector from R8GE_FA. Input, double B[N], the right hand side vector. Input, int JOB, specifies the operation. 0, solve A * x = b. nonzero, solve A' * x = b. Output, double R8GE_SL_NEW[N], the solution vector. */ { int i; int k; int l; double t; double *x; x = r8vec_zeros_new ( n ); for ( i = 0; i < n; i++ ) { x[i] = b[i]; } /* Solve A * x = b. */ if ( job == 0 ) { /* Solve PL * Y = B. */ for ( k = 1; k <= n - 1; k++ ) { l = pivot[k-1]; if ( l != k ) { t = x[l-1]; x[l-1] = x[k-1]; x[k-1] = t; } for ( i = k + 1; i <= n; i++ ) { x[i-1] = x[i-1] + a_lu[i-1+(k-1)*n] * x[k-1]; } } /* Solve U * X = Y. */ for ( k = n; 1 <= k; k-- ) { x[k-1] = x[k-1] / a_lu[k-1+(k-1)*n]; for ( i = 1; i <= k - 1; i++ ) { x[i-1] = x[i-1] - a_lu[i-1+(k-1)*n] * x[k-1]; } } } /* Solve A' * X = B. */ else { /* Solve U' * Y = B. */ for ( k = 1; k <= n; k++ ) { t = 0.0; for ( i = 1; i <= k - 1; i++ ) { t = t + x[i-1] * a_lu[i-1+(k-1)*n]; } x[k-1] = ( x[k-1] - t ) / a_lu[k-1+(k-1)*n]; } /* Solve ( PL )' * X = Y. */ for ( k = n - 1; 1 <= k; k-- ) { t = 0.0; for ( i = k + 1; i <= n; i++ ) { t = t + x[i-1] * a_lu[i-1+(k-1)*n]; } x[k-1] = x[k-1] + t; l = pivot[k-1]; if ( l != k ) { t = x[l-1]; x[l-1] = x[k-1]; x[k-1] = t; } } } return x; } /******************************************************************************/ double *r8ge_zeros ( int m, int n ) /******************************************************************************/ /* Purpose: r8ge_zeros() zeros an R8GE matrix. Discussion: The R8GE storage format is used for a "general" M by N matrix. A physical storage space is made for each logical entry. The two dimensional logical array is mapped to a vector, in which storage is by columns. Licensing: This code is distributed under the MIT license. Modified: 06 March 2012 Author: John Burkardt Parameters: Input, int M, the number of rows of the matrix. M must be positive. Input, int N, the number of columns of the matrix. N must be positive. Output, double R8GE_ZEROS[M*N], the M by N matrix. */ { double *a; a = r8vec_zeros_new ( m * n ); return a; } /******************************************************************************/ double *r8vec_indicator1_new ( int n ) /******************************************************************************/ /* Purpose: r8vec_indicator1_new() sets an R8VEC to the indicator1 vector {1,2,3...}. Licensing: This code is distributed under the MIT license. Modified: 26 August 2008 Author: John Burkardt Parameters: Input, int N, the number of elements of A. Output, double R8VEC_INDICATOR1_NEW[N], the array. */ { double *a; int i; a = r8vec_zeros_new ( n ); for ( i = 0; i <= n - 1; i++ ) { a[i] = ( double ) ( i + 1 ); } return a; } /******************************************************************************/ void r8vec_print ( int n, double a[], char *title ) /******************************************************************************/ /* Purpose: r8vec_print() prints an R8VEC. Discussion: An R8VEC is a vector of R8's. Licensing: This code is distributed under the MIT license. Modified: 08 April 2009 Author: John Burkardt Parameters: Input, int N, the number of components of the vector. Input, double A[N], the vector to be printed. Input, char *TITLE, a title. */ { int i; printf ( "\n" ); printf ( "%s\n", title ); printf ( "\n" ); for ( i = 0; i < n; i++ ) { printf ( " %8d %14f\n", i, a[i] ); } return; } /******************************************************************************/ double *r8vec_zeros_new ( int n ) /******************************************************************************/ /* Purpose: r8vec_zeros_new() creates and zeroes an R8VEC. Discussion: An R8VEC is a vector of R8's. Licensing: This code is distributed under the MIT license. Modified: 25 March 2009 Author: John Burkardt Parameters: Input, int N, the number of entries in the vector. Output, double R8VEC_ZEROS_NEW[N], a vector of zeroes. */ { double *a; int i; a = ( double * ) malloc ( n * sizeof ( double ) ); for ( i = 0; i < n; i++ ) { a[i] = 0.0; } return a; }