# include <math.h>
# include <stdio.h>
# include <stdlib.h>
# include <string.h>
# include <time.h>

# define PI 3.141592654

int main ( int argc, char **argv );
double rand_nd ( double mean, double stddev );
void timestamp ( );

struct {
  char *city;
  double mean;
} data[] = {
    {"Abha", 18.0},
    {"Abidjan", 26.0},
    {"Abéché", 29.4},
    {"Accra", 26.4},
    {"Addis Ababa", 16.0},
    {"Adelaide", 17.3},
    {"Aden", 29.1},
    {"Ahvaz", 25.4},
    {"Albuquerque", 14.0},
    {"Alexandra", 11.0},
    {"Alexandria", 20.0},
    {"Algiers", 18.2},
    {"Alice Springs", 21.0},
    {"Almaty", 10.0},
    {"Amsterdam", 10.2},
    {"Anadyr", -6.9},
    {"Anchorage", 2.8},
    {"Andorra la Vella", 9.8},
    {"Ankara", 12.0},
    {"Antananarivo", 17.9},
    {"Antsiranana", 25.2},
    {"Arkhangelsk", 1.3},
    {"Ashgabat", 17.1},
    {"Asmara", 15.6},
    {"Assab", 30.5},
    {"Astana", 3.5},
    {"Athens", 19.2},
    {"Atlanta", 17.0},
    {"Auckland", 15.2},
    {"Austin", 20.7},
    {"Baghdad", 22.77},
    {"Baguio", 19.5},
    {"Baku", 15.1},
    {"Baltimore", 13.1},
    {"Bamako", 27.8},
    {"Bangkok", 28.6},
    {"Bangui", 26.0},
    {"Banjul", 26.0},
    {"Barcelona", 18.2},
    {"Bata", 25.1},
    {"Batumi", 14.0},
    {"Beijing", 12.9},
    {"Beirut", 20.9},
    {"Belgrade", 12.5},
    {"Belize City", 26.7},
    {"Benghazi", 19.9},
    {"Bergen", 7.7},
    {"Berlin", 10.3},
    {"Bilbao", 14.7},
    {"Birao", 26.5},
    {"Bishkek", 11.3},
    {"Bissau", 27.0},
    {"Blantyre", 22.2},
    {"Bloemfontein", 15.6},
    {"Boise", 11.4},
    {"Bordeaux", 14.2},
    {"Bosaso", 30.0},
    {"Boston", 10.9},
    {"Bouaké", 26.0},
    {"Bratislava", 10.5},
    {"Brazzaville", 25.0},
    {"Bridgetown", 27.0},
    {"Brisbane", 21.4},
    {"Brussels", 10.5},
    {"Bucharest", 10.8},
    {"Budapest", 11.3},
    {"Bujumbura", 23.8},
    {"Bulawayo", 18.9},
    {"Burnie", 13.1},
    {"Busan", 15.0},
    {"Cabo San Lucas", 23.9},
    {"Cairns", 25.0},
    {"Cairo", 21.4},
    {"Calgary", 4.4},
    {"Canberra", 13.1},
    {"Cape Town", 16.2},
    {"Changsha", 17.4},
    {"Charlotte", 16.1},
    {"Chiang Mai", 25.8},
    {"Chicago", 9.8},
    {"Chihuahua", 18.6},
    {"Chișinău", 10.2},
    {"Chittagong", 25.9},
    {"Chongqing", 18.6},
    {"Christchurch", 12.2},
    {"City of San Marino", 11.8},
    {"Colombo", 27.4},
    {"Columbus", 11.7},
    {"Conakry", 26.4},
    {"Copenhagen", 9.1},
    {"Cotonou", 27.2},
    {"Cracow", 9.3},
    {"Da Lat", 17.9},
    {"Da Nang", 25.8},
    {"Dakar", 24.0},
    {"Dallas", 19.0},
    {"Damascus", 17.0},
    {"Dampier", 26.4},
    {"Dar es Salaam", 25.8},
    {"Darwin", 27.6},
    {"Denpasar", 23.7},
    {"Denver", 10.4},
    {"Detroit", 10.0},
    {"Dhaka", 25.9},
    {"Dikson", -11.1},
    {"Dili", 26.6},
    {"Djibouti", 29.9},
    {"Dodoma", 22.7},
    {"Dolisie", 24.0},
    {"Douala", 26.7},
    {"Dubai", 26.9},
    {"Dublin", 9.8},
    {"Dunedin", 11.1},
    {"Durban", 20.6},
    {"Dushanbe", 14.7},
    {"Edinburgh", 9.3},
    {"Edmonton", 4.2},
    {"El Paso", 18.1},
    {"Entebbe", 21.0},
    {"Erbil", 19.5},
    {"Erzurum", 5.1},
    {"Fairbanks", -2.3},
    {"Fianarantsoa", 17.9},
    {"Flores Petén", 26.4},
    {"Frankfurt", 10.6},
    {"Fresno", 17.9},
    {"Fukuoka", 17.0},
    {"Gabès", 19.5},
    {"Gaborone", 21.0},
    {"Gagnoa", 26.0},
    {"Gangtok", 15.2},
    {"Garissa", 29.3},
    {"Garoua", 28.3},
    {"George Town", 27.9},
    {"Ghanzi", 21.4},
    {"Gjoa Haven", -14.4},
    {"Guadalajara", 20.9},
    {"Guangzhou", 22.4},
    {"Guatemala City", 20.4},
    {"Halifax", 7.5},
    {"Hamburg", 9.7},
    {"Hamilton", 13.8},
    {"Hanga Roa", 20.5},
    {"Hanoi", 23.6},
    {"Harare", 18.4},
    {"Harbin", 5.0},
    {"Hargeisa", 21.7},
    {"Hat Yai", 27.0},
    {"Havana", 25.2},
    {"Helsinki", 5.9},
    {"Heraklion", 18.9},
    {"Hiroshima", 16.3},
    {"Ho Chi Minh City", 27.4},
    {"Hobart", 12.7},
    {"Hong Kong", 23.3},
    {"Honiara", 26.5},
    {"Honolulu", 25.4},
    {"Houston", 20.8},
    {"Ifrane", 11.4},
    {"Indianapolis", 11.8},
    {"Iqaluit", -9.3},
    {"Irkutsk", 1.0},
    {"Istanbul", 13.9},
    {"İzmir", 17.9},
    {"Jacksonville", 20.3},
    {"Jakarta", 26.7},
    {"Jayapura", 27.0},
    {"Jerusalem", 18.3},
    {"Johannesburg", 15.5},
    {"Jos", 22.8},
    {"Juba", 27.8},
    {"Kabul", 12.1},
    {"Kampala", 20.0},
    {"Kandi", 27.7},
    {"Kankan", 26.5},
    {"Kano", 26.4},
    {"Kansas City", 12.5},
    {"Karachi", 26.0},
    {"Karonga", 24.4},
    {"Kathmandu", 18.3},
    {"Khartoum", 29.9},
    {"Kingston", 27.4},
    {"Kinshasa", 25.3},
    {"Kolkata", 26.7},
    {"Kuala Lumpur", 27.3},
    {"Kumasi", 26.0},
    {"Kunming", 15.7},
    {"Kuopio", 3.4},
    {"Kuwait City", 25.7},
    {"Kyiv", 8.4},
    {"Kyoto", 15.8},
    {"La Ceiba", 26.2},
    {"La Paz", 23.7},
    {"Lagos", 26.8},
    {"Lahore", 24.3},
    {"Lake Havasu City", 23.7},
    {"Lake Tekapo", 8.7},
    {"Las Palmas de Gran Canaria", 21.2},
    {"Las Vegas", 20.3},
    {"Launceston", 13.1},
    {"Lhasa", 7.6},
    {"Libreville", 25.9},
    {"Lisbon", 17.5},
    {"Livingstone", 21.8},
    {"Ljubljana", 10.9},
    {"Lodwar", 29.3},
    {"Lomé", 26.9},
    {"London", 11.3},
    {"Los Angeles", 18.6},
    {"Louisville", 13.9},
    {"Luanda", 25.8},
    {"Lubumbashi", 20.8},
    {"Lusaka", 19.9},
    {"Luxembourg City", 9.3},
    {"Lviv", 7.8},
    {"Lyon", 12.5},
    {"Madrid", 15.0},
    {"Mahajanga", 26.3},
    {"Makassar", 26.7},
    {"Makurdi", 26.0},
    {"Malabo", 26.3},
    {"Malé", 28.0},
    {"Managua", 27.3},
    {"Manama", 26.5},
    {"Mandalay", 28.0},
    {"Mango", 28.1},
    {"Manila", 28.4},
    {"Maputo", 22.8},
    {"Marrakesh", 19.6},
    {"Marseille", 15.8},
    {"Maun", 22.4},
    {"Medan", 26.5},
    {"Mek'ele", 22.7},
    {"Melbourne", 15.1},
    {"Memphis", 17.2},
    {"Mexicali", 23.1},
    {"Mexico City", 17.5},
    {"Miami", 24.9},
    {"Milan", 13.0},
    {"Milwaukee", 8.9},
    {"Minneapolis", 7.8},
    {"Minsk", 6.7},
    {"Mogadishu", 27.1},
    {"Mombasa", 26.3},
    {"Monaco", 16.4},
    {"Moncton", 6.1},
    {"Monterrey", 22.3},
    {"Montreal", 6.8},
    {"Moscow", 5.8},
    {"Mumbai", 27.1},
    {"Murmansk", 0.6},
    {"Muscat", 28.0},
    {"Mzuzu", 17.7},
    {"N'Djamena", 28.3},
    {"Naha", 23.1},
    {"Nairobi", 17.8},
    {"Nakhon Ratchasima", 27.3},
    {"Napier", 14.6},
    {"Napoli", 15.9},
    {"Nashville", 15.4},
    {"Nassau", 24.6},
    {"Ndola", 20.3},
    {"New Delhi", 25.0},
    {"New Orleans", 20.7},
    {"New York City", 12.9},
    {"Ngaoundéré", 22.0},
    {"Niamey", 29.3},
    {"Nicosia", 19.7},
    {"Niigata", 13.9},
    {"Nouadhibou", 21.3},
    {"Nouakchott", 25.7},
    {"Novosibirsk", 1.7},
    {"Nuuk", -1.4},
    {"Odesa", 10.7},
    {"Odienné", 26.0},
    {"Oklahoma City", 15.9},
    {"Omaha", 10.6},
    {"Oranjestad", 28.1},
    {"Oslo", 5.7},
    {"Ottawa", 6.6},
    {"Ouagadougou", 28.3},
    {"Ouahigouya", 28.6},
    {"Ouarzazate", 18.9},
    {"Oulu", 2.7},
    {"Palembang", 27.3},
    {"Palermo", 18.5},
    {"Palm Springs", 24.5},
    {"Palmerston North", 13.2},
    {"Panama City", 28.0},
    {"Parakou", 26.8},
    {"Paris", 12.3},
    {"Perth", 18.7},
    {"Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky", 1.9},
    {"Philadelphia", 13.2},
    {"Phnom Penh", 28.3},
    {"Phoenix", 23.9},
    {"Pittsburgh", 10.8},
    {"Podgorica", 15.3},
    {"Pointe-Noire", 26.1},
    {"Pontianak", 27.7},
    {"Port Moresby", 26.9},
    {"Port Sudan", 28.4},
    {"Port Vila", 24.3},
    {"Port-Gentil", 26.0},
    {"Portland {OR}", 12.4},
    {"Porto", 15.7},
    {"Prague", 8.4},
    {"Praia", 24.4},
    {"Pretoria", 18.2},
    {"Pyongyang", 10.8},
    {"Rabat", 17.2},
    {"Rangpur", 24.4},
    {"Reggane", 28.3},
    {"Reykjavík", 4.3},
    {"Riga", 6.2},
    {"Riyadh", 26.0},
    {"Rome", 15.2},
    {"Roseau", 26.2},
    {"Rostov-on-Don", 9.9},
    {"Sacramento", 16.3},
    {"Saint Petersburg", 5.8},
    {"Saint-Pierre", 5.7},
    {"Salt Lake City", 11.6},
    {"San Antonio", 20.8},
    {"San Diego", 17.8},
    {"San Francisco", 14.6},
    {"San Jose", 16.4},
    {"San José", 22.6},
    {"San Juan", 27.2},
    {"San Salvador", 23.1},
    {"Sana'a", 20.0},
    {"Santo Domingo", 25.9},
    {"Sapporo", 8.9},
    {"Sarajevo", 10.1},
    {"Saskatoon", 3.3},
    {"Seattle", 11.3},
    {"Ségou", 28.0},
    {"Seoul", 12.5},
    {"Seville", 19.2},
    {"Shanghai", 16.7},
    {"Singapore", 27.0},
    {"Skopje", 12.4},
    {"Sochi", 14.2},
    {"Sofia", 10.6},
    {"Sokoto", 28.0},
    {"Split", 16.1},
    {"St. John's", 5.0},
    {"St. Louis", 13.9},
    {"Stockholm", 6.6},
    {"Surabaya", 27.1},
    {"Suva", 25.6},
    {"Suwałki", 7.2},
    {"Sydney", 17.7},
    {"Tabora", 23.0},
    {"Tabriz", 12.6},
    {"Taipei", 23.0},
    {"Tallinn", 6.4},
    {"Tamale", 27.9},
    {"Tamanrasset", 21.7},
    {"Tampa", 22.9},
    {"Tashkent", 14.8},
    {"Tauranga", 14.8},
    {"Tbilisi", 12.9},
    {"Tegucigalpa", 21.7},
    {"Tehran", 17.0},
    {"Tel Aviv", 20.0},
    {"Thessaloniki", 16.0},
    {"Thiès", 24.0},
    {"Tijuana", 17.8},
    {"Timbuktu", 28.0},
    {"Tirana", 15.2},
    {"Toamasina", 23.4},
    {"Tokyo", 15.4},
    {"Toliara", 24.1},
    {"Toluca", 12.4},
    {"Toronto", 9.4},
    {"Tripoli", 20.0},
    {"Tromsø", 2.9},
    {"Tucson", 20.9},
    {"Tunis", 18.4},
    {"Ulaanbaatar", -0.4},
    {"Upington", 20.4},
    {"Ürümqi", 7.4},
    {"Vaduz", 10.1},
    {"Valencia", 18.3},
    {"Valletta", 18.8},
    {"Vancouver", 10.4},
    {"Veracruz", 25.4},
    {"Vienna", 10.4},
    {"Vientiane", 25.9},
    {"Villahermosa", 27.1},
    {"Vilnius", 6.0},
    {"Virginia Beach", 15.8},
    {"Vladivostok", 4.9},
    {"Warsaw", 8.5},
    {"Washington DC", 14.6},
    {"Wau", 27.8},
    {"Wellington", 12.9},
    {"Whitehorse", -0.1},
    {"Wichita", 13.9},
    {"Willemstad", 28.0},
    {"Winnipeg", 3.0},
    {"Wrocław", 9.6},
    {"Xi'an", 14.1},
    {"Yakutsk", -8.8},
    {"Yangon", 27.5},
    {"Yaoundé", 23.8},
    {"Yellowknife", -4.3},
    {"Yerevan", 12.4},
    {"Yinchuan", 9.0},
    {"Zagreb", 10.7},
    {"Zanzibar City", 26.0},
    {"Zürich", 9.3},
};

/******************************************************************************/

int main ( int argc, char **argv )

/******************************************************************************/
/*
  Purpose:

    brc_data() generates a data file for the one billion row challenge.

  Licensing:

    This code is distributed under the MIT license. 

  Modified:

    10 May 2024
*/
{
  int c;
  FILE *fh;
  char filename[80];
  int i;
  long n;
  int ncities;
  double t;
  clock_t tstart;
  clock_t tstop;

  timestamp ( );

  printf ( "\n" );
  printf ( "brc_data():\n" );
  printf ( "  C version\n" );
  printf ( "  Generate data for the one billion row challenge.\n" );
/*
  If no arguments, print a message and terminate.
*/
  if ( argc <= 1 )
  {
    printf ( "usage: brc_data n\n" );
    printf ( "  where 'n' is the number of observations to generate.\n" );
    exit ( EXIT_SUCCESS );
  }

  if ( argc <= 2 )
  {
    strcpy ( filename, "measurements.txt" );
  }
  else
  {
    strcpy ( filename, argv[2] );
  }

  fh = fopen ( filename, "w" );

  if ( !fh )
  {
    printf ( "  Error creating file '%s'\n", filename );
    exit ( EXIT_FAILURE );
  }

  tstart = clock ( );
/*
  n is the number of observations to be generated.
*/
  n = strtol ( argv[1], NULL, 10 );
/*
  Figure out number of cities.
*/
  ncities = sizeof ( data ) / sizeof ( data[0] );
  printf ( "  Number of weather stations is %d.\n", ncities );
/*
  For each observation, choose a city "c" uniformly at random, 
  generate a temperature measurement "t" with normal distribution
  with variance of 10, and write it to the file.
*/
  for ( i = 0; i < n; i++ )
  {
    c = rand() % ncities;
    t = rand_nd ( data[c].mean, 10 );
    fprintf ( fh, "%s;%.1f\n", data[c].city, t );
  }

  fclose ( fh );
  tstop = clock ( );
  printf ( "  Temperature records stored in file '%s'.\n", filename );
  printf ( "  Number of records is %ld.\n", n );
  printf ( "  Run time was %f milliseconds.\n", 
         ( double ) ( tstop - tstart ) * 1000 / ( double ) CLOCKS_PER_SEC);
/*
  Terminate.
*/
  printf ( "\n" );
  printf ( "brc_data():\n" );
  printf ( "  Normal end of execution.\n" );

  timestamp ( );

  return 0;
}
/******************************************************************************/

double rand_nd ( double mean, double stddev )

/******************************************************************************/
/*
  Purpose:

    rand_nd() returns a normally distributed random value.

  Discussion:

    The Box-Muller method is used to generate the values.

  Licensing:

    This code is distributed under the MIT license. 

  Modified:

    10 May 2024

  Input:

    double mean, stddev: the desired mean and standard deviation.

  Output:

    double rand_nd: a random value from the normal distribution
    with given mean and standard deviation.
*/
{
  static int phase = 0;
  static double U;
  static double V;
  double Z;

  if ( phase == 0 )
  {
    U = ( rand() + 1.0 ) / ( RAND_MAX + 2.0 );
    V = rand() / ( RAND_MAX + 1.0 );
    Z = sqrt ( -2.0 * log ( U ) ) * sin ( 2.0 * PI * V );
  } 
  else
  {
    Z = sqrt ( -2.0 * log ( U ) ) * cos ( 2.0 * PI * V );
  }
  phase = 1 - phase;

  return Z * stddev + mean;
}
/******************************************************************************/

void timestamp ( )

/******************************************************************************/
/*
  Purpose:
 
    timestamp() prints the current YMDHMS date as a time stamp.

  Example:

    17 June 2014 09:45:54 AM

  Licensing:

    This code is distributed under the MIT license. 

  Modified:

    01 May 2021

  Author:

    John Burkardt
*/
{
# define TIME_SIZE 40

  static char time_buffer[TIME_SIZE];
  const struct tm *tm;
  time_t now;

  now = time ( NULL );
  tm = localtime ( &now );

  strftime ( time_buffer, TIME_SIZE, "%d %B %Y %I:%M:%S %p", tm );

  printf ( "%s\n", time_buffer );

  return;
# undef TIME_SIZE
}