example3_use_with_references.cpp

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#include <iostream>
#include <stdexcept>

class Base {
public:
    virtual ~Base() {}
};

class Derived : public Base {
public:
    void derivedFunction() { std::cout << "Derived function" << std::endl; }
};

void processDerived(Base& base) {
    try {
        Derived& derived = dynamic_cast<Derived&>(base);
        derived.derivedFunction();
    } catch (const std::bad_cast& e) {
        std::cout << "Cast failed: " << e.what() << std::endl;
    }
}

int main() {
    Base baseObj;
    Derived derivedObj;

    processDerived(derivedObj);  // Succeeds
    processDerived(baseObj);     // Throws and catches std::bad_cast

    return 0;
}